STAR_icon

STAR

STAR: Speech-to-Audio Generation via Representation Learning

|Paper|Code|

Zeyu Xie 1, Xuenan Xu 2, Yixuan Li 2, Mengyue Wu 2, Yuexian Zou 1

1ADSP Lab, Peking University | 2X-LANCE Lab, Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Abstract.

This work presents STAR, the first end-to-end speech-to-audio generation framework, designed to enhance efficiency and address error propagation inherent in cascaded systems. Unlike prior approaches relying on text or vision, STAR leverages speech as it constitutes a natural modality for interaction. As an initial step to validate the feasibility of the system, we demonstrate through representation learning experiments that spoken sound event semantics can be effectively extracted from raw speech, capturing both auditory events and scene cues. Leveraging the semantic representations, STAR incorporates a bridge network for representation mapping and a two-stage training strategy to achieve end-to-end synthesis. With a 76.9% reduction in speech processing latency, STAR demonstrates superior generation performance over the cascaded systems. Overall, STAR establishes speech as a direct interaction signal for audio generation, thereby bridging representation learning and multimodal synthesis. Generated samples are available below.

Demo Navigation.
(a) Overview (b) Demo 1-5 (c) Demo 6-10

An overview of STAR framework and training strategy


For an input speech utterance, stage (1) leverages representation learning - validated through the sound event classification task - to demonstrate that spoken sound event semantics S can be effectively and directly derived, while simultaneously pre-training the bridge network. Stage (2) fine-tunes the flow matching model based on stage (1); this model generates a latent representation conditioned on S, which is then reconstructed into waveform by the VAE decoder.

Demo

1 Speech transcription A cat meowing and young female speaking
Speech Input Audio           Ground Truth Audio  
End2End-STAR Cascaded-Audit
Cascaded-AudioLDM2 Cascaded-TANGO2

2 Speech transcription Sustained industrial engine noise
Speech Input Audio Ground Truth Audio
End2End-STAR Cascaded-Audit
Cascaded-AudioLDM2 Cascaded-TANGO2

3 Speech transcription A woman talks and a baby whispers
Speech Input Audio Ground Truth Audio
End2End-STAR Cascaded-Audit
Cascaded-AudioLDM2 Cascaded-TANGO2

4 Speech transcription A man speaks followed by a toilet flush
Speech Input Audio Ground Truth Audio
End2End-STAR Cascaded-Audit
Cascaded-AudioLDM2 Cascaded-TANGO2

5 Speech transcription It is raining and thundering, and then a man speaks
Speech Input Audio Ground Truth Audio
End2End-STAR Cascaded-Audit
Cascaded-AudioLDM2 Cascaded-TANGO2

6 Speech transcription A man speaking as birds are chirping
Speech Input Audio Ground Truth Audio
End2End-STAR Cascaded-Audit
Cascaded-AudioLDM2 Cascaded-TANGO2

7 Speech transcription A muffled man talking as a goat baas before and after two goats baaing in the distance while wind blows into a microphone
Speech Input Audio Ground Truth Audio
End2End-STAR Cascaded-Audit
Cascaded-AudioLDM2 Cascaded-TANGO2

8 Speech transcription Birds chirping and a horse neighing
Speech Input Audio Ground Truth Audio
End2End-STAR Cascaded-Audit
Cascaded-AudioLDM2 Cascaded-TANGO2

9 Speech transcription Several church bells ringing
Speech Input Audio Ground Truth Audio
End2End-STAR Cascaded-Audit
Cascaded-AudioLDM2 Cascaded-TANGO2

10 Speech transcription A telephone rings with bell sounds
Speech Input Audio Ground Truth Audio
End2End-STAR Cascaded-Audit
Cascaded-AudioLDM2 Cascaded-TANGO2




Acknowledgement

The demo website template is obtained from Make-An-Audio-2, and we appreciate their open-source contribution!