Abstract.
This work presents STAR, the first end-to-end speech-to-audio generation framework, designed to enhance efficiency and address error propagation inherent in cascaded systems. Unlike prior approaches relying on text or vision, STAR leverages speech as it constitutes a natural modality for interaction. As an initial step to validate the feasibility of the system, we demonstrate through representation learning experiments that spoken sound event semantics can be effectively extracted from raw speech, capturing both auditory events and scene cues. Leveraging the semantic representations, STAR incorporates a bridge network for representation mapping and a two-stage training strategy to achieve end-to-end synthesis. With a 76.9% reduction in speech processing latency, STAR demonstrates superior generation performance over the cascaded systems. Overall, STAR establishes speech as a direct interaction signal for audio generation, thereby bridging representation learning and multimodal synthesis. Generated samples are available below. Demo Navigation.
1 | Speech transcription A cat meowing and young female speaking | ||
---|---|---|---|
Speech Input Audio | Ground Truth Audio | ||
End2End-STAR | Cascaded-Audit | ||
Cascaded-AudioLDM2 | Cascaded-TANGO2 | ||
2 | Speech transcription Sustained industrial engine noise | ||
Speech Input Audio | Ground Truth Audio | ||
End2End-STAR | Cascaded-Audit | ||
Cascaded-AudioLDM2 | Cascaded-TANGO2 | ||
3 | Speech transcription A woman talks and a baby whispers | ||
Speech Input Audio | Ground Truth Audio | ||
End2End-STAR | Cascaded-Audit | ||
Cascaded-AudioLDM2 | Cascaded-TANGO2 | ||
4 | Speech transcription A man speaks followed by a toilet flush | ||
Speech Input Audio | Ground Truth Audio | ||
End2End-STAR | Cascaded-Audit | ||
Cascaded-AudioLDM2 | Cascaded-TANGO2 | ||
5 | Speech transcription It is raining and thundering, and then a man speaks | ||
Speech Input Audio | Ground Truth Audio | ||
End2End-STAR | Cascaded-Audit | ||
Cascaded-AudioLDM2 | Cascaded-TANGO2 | ||
6 | Speech transcription A man speaking as birds are chirping | ||
Speech Input Audio | Ground Truth Audio | ||
End2End-STAR | Cascaded-Audit | ||
Cascaded-AudioLDM2 | Cascaded-TANGO2 | ||
7 | Speech transcription A muffled man talking as a goat baas before and after two goats baaing in the distance while wind blows into a microphone | ||
Speech Input Audio | Ground Truth Audio | ||
End2End-STAR | Cascaded-Audit | ||
Cascaded-AudioLDM2 | Cascaded-TANGO2 | ||
8 | Speech transcription Birds chirping and a horse neighing | ||
Speech Input Audio | Ground Truth Audio | ||
End2End-STAR | Cascaded-Audit | ||
Cascaded-AudioLDM2 | Cascaded-TANGO2 | ||
9 | Speech transcription Several church bells ringing | ||
Speech Input Audio | Ground Truth Audio | ||
End2End-STAR | Cascaded-Audit | ||
Cascaded-AudioLDM2 | Cascaded-TANGO2 | ||
10 | Speech transcription A telephone rings with bell sounds | ||
Speech Input Audio | Ground Truth Audio | ||
End2End-STAR | Cascaded-Audit | ||
Cascaded-AudioLDM2 | Cascaded-TANGO2 | ||